楼主稍后会发几张当时的地图

近东和中东

叙利亚北部

巴勒斯坦和黎巴嫩南部

埃及

Thisdramatic story has always fired the imagination and fuelled debate. And, overthe centuries, the crusades have been subject to startling variedinterpretation: held up as proof of the folly of religious faith and the basesavagery of human nature, or promoted as glorious expressions of Christian territory.The crusaders themselves have been depicted as both land-hungry brutes andpilgrim soldiers inspired by fervent piety; and their Muslim rivals portrayedas vicious and tyrannical oppressors, ardent fanatics or devout paragons ofhonour and clemency.
这个带有戏剧性的故事总是引发丰富的想象，并且时常引起争论。几个世纪以来，人们对于十字军东征总是有着各种各样的解读：坚持它只是一场披着宗教信仰外衣的闹剧和人类最原始的野蛮行为，或者把它提升到骑士精神和传播文明的殖民运动的高度。他们已经被认为是欧洲历史上黑暗时代的一段插曲——当不知满足的西方野蛮人无缘无故的发动战争，企图对无意挑衅的伊斯兰文明发动战争——或者只是从事为了从穆斯林侵略者的手中夺回基督教领地的战争。十字军士兵本身也已经被描述为既是对有着对领土的贪婪的侵略者，又有着宗教狂热的前往朝圣的士兵；同事他们的穆斯林对手被描绘成狂热、邪恶、残暴的压迫者，或者虔诚的既有无上荣光又慈悲为怀的十全十美的人。

Thisbook explores the history of crusades from both the Christian and Muslimperspective-focusing, in particular, upon the contest for control the HolyLand-and examines how medieval contemporaries experienced and remembered thecrusades. It draws upon the wonderfully rich time of available written evidence(or primary sources) from the Middle Ages: the likes of chronicles, letters andlegal documents, poems and songs; recorded in languages as diverse as Latin, OldFrench, Arabic, Hebrew, Armenian, Syriac and Greek. Beyond these texts, thestudy of materials remains-from imposing castles to delicate manuscript art andminuscule coins-has thrown new light on the crusading era. Throughout, originalresearch has been informed by the great outpouring of modern scholarship in thefield witnessed over the past 50 years.
这本书从基督徒和穆斯林双方的观点来探讨十字军的历史——尤其关注对圣地控制权的争夺——以及中世纪时代的人们怎样经历和记住十字军。它引用了极其丰富的中世纪有价值的证据（或者说原始材料）：例如用不同的语言——拉丁语、古法语、阿拉伯语、希伯来语、亚美尼亚语、古叙利亚语和希腊语记录的编年史、信件和合法的记录、诗句和歌谣。除了这些书面材料以外，对于文物——精致的城堡设计图和写有小字的货币——使十字军时代的研究领域出现了新的亮点。在过去的五十年里，原始资料的研究自始至终就被带有强烈现代观点倾向的学者所重视。

翻译了四段，楼主要休息了。趁12点还没有到，祝各位中秋快乐。p.s.翻译原版书刊是个十分淘神费力的活儿，选择需谨慎。

※Even in the modern era manyhistories of the crusades written by ‘western’ scholars have been colored(consciously or unconsciously) by a degree of bias, because most present thisera from a Christian point. This innate partially might manifest itselfrelatively subtly-in the decision to describe the outcome of a battle as avictory or defeat, a triumph or disaster. In this accountant, which is dividedinto five part, I have made a deliberate to counteract this tendency byswitching the point of view from western European Christian to Near EasternMuslim in each major section. The book’s core, covering the Third Crusade,alternates between its two major protagonists-Saladin and Richard theLionheart.
※很多现代西方学者撰写的十字军历史都有意或无意的带有一种在学术上将其神化的感情色彩，因为当代关于这一问题的研究多是站在基督教世界的角度。这种先天存在的问题在部分程度上可能证明其自身相对的过分追求细致的阐述一场胜利或失败的战役、一次凯旋或者灾难带来的后果。这本书将这段历史分为五个部分。我经过深思熟虑，决定通过在西欧基督教世界和近东穆斯林世界之间转变视角去除前文所提到的那种倾向。这本书的核心内容是解密第三次十字军东征，并且视角将在双方的两位主要领导人——萨拉丁和狮心王理查之间转换。

狮心王理查

MEDIVAL EUROPE
中世纪的欧洲
Inthe year 1000, the country of Anjou (in western-central France) was ruled by FulkNerra (987-1040), a brutal and rapacious warlord. Fulk spent most of hisfifty-three years in power locked in near-constant struggle: fighting on everyfront to retain control of his unruly country; scheming to reserve hisindependence from the feeble French monarchy and preying upon his neighbors insearch of land and plunder. He was a man accustomed to violence, both on andoff the battlefield-capable of burning his wife at the stake for adultery and oforchestrating the ruthless murder of a royal courtier.
公元1000年，安茹郡（位于法国中西部）正处于福克·内拉，一个冷酷无情、贪得无厌的军事领主的统治之下。福克把他掌权的五十三年的绝大部分时间消耗于近乎于无休止的争斗中：他在周边每一条战线上同敌人战斗，以保持他对不守规矩的领地的控制；还企图保持在孱弱的法国王权的统治之下的独立并且为了领土和劫掠财富不断地袭扰他周边的领主。他是一个不论在战时还是平时都习惯用暴力处理问题的人。他因为他的妻子与他人通奸并策划而把她绑在木桩子上烧死，并策划了一场针对一位宫廷大臣的谋杀案。

错误更正：
1.“marching beside forbidding Templar knights”，楼主第一次翻译为“离开了令人生畏的圣殿骑士团进行远征”。楼主把“march beside”的意思理解错了。圣殿骑士团事实上参与了第三次十字军东征。现更正为“与冷酷无情的圣殿骑士团一同远征”。
2.“Those who died were thought of as martyrs, while survivors believedthat their souls had been scourged of sin by the tempest of combat and trailsof pilgrimage.”楼主第一次翻译为“当那些幸存者认为他们的灵魂由于这些暴风雨般的战斗和朝圣之旅而违背宗教受到了惩罚时，那些死去的人被认为是烈士。”经吧友@平田元帅 指正，楼主修改了其中翻译腔较重的部分，改为“那些战死者们常被生还者们视为殉教者，因为他们相信死者的灵魂都经受住了猛烈战斗以及朝圣之旅的审判”。
3.楼主把“the country of Anjou”翻译为安茹郡。county的英文本意是指英国的郡和美国的县（郡），由于楼主不懂法语，在翻译中照搬了这个词的英文意思。经吧友@平田元帅 指正，将此错误改为“安茹伯爵领”。在此特别感谢吧友@平田元帅 。楼主不才，译作之中必有不少纰漏之处。欢迎各位吧友多多批评指正，在下感激不尽！

笔译札记

楼主这两天感冒发烧了，身体不适，今日起恢复更新