动词的时态
1．16种时态的构成
过去 现在 将来 过去将来
一般体 Did Do, does Am, is,are was were doing
going to do to do
shall/will do would do
进行体was/were am is are shall,will be would be doing
doing doing doing
完成体had done have,has done shall,will would have done
have done
完成 had been have,has been shall,will would have been
进行体doing doing have been doing doing
2．一般现在时必知用法
①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）
*The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
*Water boils at 100oC.
②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常表频率的时间状语连用。
*Ice feels cold.
*We always care for each other and help each other.
③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如：
*I know what you mean.
*Smith owns a car and a house.
*All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.
④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中 shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。
*If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。
⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly return、start、begin、open、close end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示 据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。
*The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.
*Tomorrow is Wednesday.
3．一般过去时必知用法
①一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如：
*I met her in the street yesterday.
*I once saw the famous star here.
*They never drank wine.
*I thought the film would be interesting,but it isn’t.
②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过式。如：
*He told me he read an interesting novel last night.
③表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。
*The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.
*He bought a watch but lost it.
④常用一般过去时的句型：
Why didn’t you / I think of that
*I didn’t notice it.
*I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.
*I didn’t recognize him.
4．一般将来时必知用法
①表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。
②表示一种趋向(倾向)或习惯性动作。
*We’ll die without air or water.
③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。
④be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：
be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备
1．16种时态的构成
过去 现在 将来 过去将来
一般体 Did Do, does Am, is,are was were doing
going to do to do
shall/will do would do
进行体was/were am is are shall,will be would be doing
doing doing doing
完成体had done have,has done shall,will would have done
have done
完成 had been have,has been shall,will would have been
进行体doing doing have been doing doing
2．一般现在时必知用法
①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）
*The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
*Water boils at 100oC.
②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常表频率的时间状语连用。
*Ice feels cold.
*We always care for each other and help each other.
③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如：
*I know what you mean.
*Smith owns a car and a house.
*All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.
④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中 shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。
*If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。
⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly return、start、begin、open、close end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示 据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。
*The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.
*Tomorrow is Wednesday.
3．一般过去时必知用法
①一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如：
*I met her in the street yesterday.
*I once saw the famous star here.
*They never drank wine.
*I thought the film would be interesting,but it isn’t.
②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过式。如：
*He told me he read an interesting novel last night.
③表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。
*The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.
*He bought a watch but lost it.
④常用一般过去时的句型：
Why didn’t you / I think of that
*I didn’t notice it.
*I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.
*I didn’t recognize him.
4．一般将来时必知用法
①表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。
②表示一种趋向(倾向)或习惯性动作。
*We’ll die without air or water.
③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。
④be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：
be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备
