异耳骨舌鱼属
Heterotis
本属内仅一种。即 Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier, 1829)
尼罗异耳骨舌鱼。

尼罗异耳骨舌鱼
Heterotis niloticus
【来自世界鱼库】
背棘 (总数)：0；背鳍软条 (总数)：32-37；臀棘 0；臀鳍软条：34 - 39；脊椎骨：66 - 69。
【来自世界鱼库，重新翻译】
（分布地区）非洲：原产于塞舌尔 - 苏丹地区，塞内加尔，冈比亚，科鲁巴尔，沃尔特，瓦埃，尼日尔，贝内，乍得和尼罗河盆地以及图尔卡纳湖的所有盆地。（ref.2920，Ref.3012，Ref.3514）成功地在科特迪瓦，十字河，萨纳加河，尼永河和奥戈韦河以及刚果河中下游，包括乌班吉和卡萨伊的水库（ref.2920）。也在马达加斯加引进（Ref.13333）。几个国家报告引进后对生态有不利影响。
（原文）Africa: Native in all the basins of the Sahelo-Sudanese region, the Senegal, Gambia, Corubal, Volta, Ouémé, Niger, Bénoue, Chad and Nile basins and Lake Turkana (Ref. 2920, Ref. 3012, Ref. 3514). Successful introductions in the storage reservoirs of Côte d'Ivoire, the Cross, Sanaga, Nyong and Ogowe rivers and lower and Middle Congo basin, including Ubangui and Kasaï (Ref. 2920). Also introduced in Madagascar (Ref. 13333). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
.
（下图为原产地）

（下图为实际分布地区）

【图片来自世界鱼库】
有长而结实的身体，它的高度为标准长度的3.5到5倍。(Ref.2920) 相对较短的头部，它的长度为标准长度的3.5到5倍。(Ref.2920, Ref.5156) 颅骨的皮肤骨（膜质外骨骼）有深深的感觉用的大孔。 (Ref.1878, Ref.2920) 嘴唇很厚而且在鳃盖的边缘有一个皮瓣。(Ref.13851) 锥形齿。(Ref.5156) 背鳍与臀鳍无棘，延长而且在身体的后方生长直到小而圆的尾鳍。(Ref.3032, Ref.13851,Ref.28714, 参考文献30488) 尾柄非常短。(Ref.2756, Ref.3054, Ref.3069) 强壮而大的鳞片，(Ref.28714, Ref.30488) 裸露的部分椭圆形厚而有皱纹，具有或多或少的蠕虫状的雕刻纹：(参考文献53264) 34-40个侧线鳞，在腹鳍前的身体侧面上有2.5/6个鳞片，背部和臀鳍之间有5-6个鳞片。(Ref.367,Ref.2756, Ref.2920, Ref.5156) 侧线从鳃盖上方到尾柄中央延伸成一直线。(Ref.1878) 鳃耙的数目随着长度增加；在角鳃骨上有33(幼鱼) 到98个，在上鳃骨上有21(幼鱼) 到76个。(Ref.2920) 幼鱼有外鳃。(Ref.30488) 颜色为均匀的灰色，褐色或青铜色，(参考文献2920) 相对的，在繁殖期是深色的。(Ref.367) 幼鱼时常有明显的深色纵条纹，且在臀鳍与背鳍后部区域中的鳞片上有椭圆形的斑点。(Ref.2920)
（原文）Elongated and robust body, its height 3.5 to 5 times in standard length (Ref. 2920). Relatively short head, its length 3.5 to 5 times in standard length (Ref. 2920, Ref. 5156). Dermal bones of the cranium are deeply carved by large sensory pits (Ref. 1878, Ref. 2920). The lips are thick and there is a dermal flap on the border of the gill cover (Ref. 13851). Conical teeth (Ref. 5156). Dorsal and anal fins, which are spineless, elongated and posteriorly positioned, ending close to the small, rounded caudal fin (Ref. 3032, Ref. 13851, Ref. 28714, Ref. 30488). Caudal peduncle very short (Ref. 2756, Ref. 3054, Ref. 3069). Strong, large scales (Ref. 28714, Ref. 30488), oval with the exposed portion thick and corrugated, with a more or less vermiform sculpture (Ref. 53264): 34-40 lateral-line scales, 2.5/6 scales on the lateral side of the body before the pelvic fin, 5-6 scales between dorsal and anal fin (Ref.367, Ref. 2756, Ref. 2920, Ref. 5156). The lateral line is extending in a straight line from above the operculum to the middle of the caudal peduncle (Ref. 1878). The number of gill rakers increases with the length; 33 (young) to 98 on the ceratobranchial and 21 (young) to 76 on the epibranchial (Ref. 2920). Young specimens possess external gills (Ref. 30488). Uniform gray, brown or bronze colored (Ref. 2920), darker during the reproduction-period (Ref. 367). Young specimens are often marked with dark longitudinal bands and scales with an oval spot in the posterior zone of the anal and dorsal fin (Ref. 2920).
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在Kainji湖中的最大观察长度：100cm，观察重量：10000g。(Ref. 3034, Ref. 3799) 幼鱼发现于在水生植物中的沼泽；(Ref. 5156, Ref. 30488) 成鱼生活在河流和湖泊的开放水域，在那里它们可以在大洋性的区域以及沿海地区被找到。(Ref. 5156) 能够在含氧量极低的水域中生存；这种鱼的抗逆性及其极大的增长率使其成为非洲水产养殖的候选种，并且已为此被运往许多国家。(Ref. 1739, Ref.50623) 从池塘逃离进入野外导致种群的建立，这是渔业的基础。(Ref. 1739) 被认为是一种在底泥中的捕食者。(Ref. 6160) 但在非洲西部也作为一个浮游植物捕食者而存在。(Ref. 3023, Ref. 31256) 主要以浮游生物为食，作为骨舌鱼科中唯一的浮游生物捕食者。(Ref.13851) 它有一个具有感觉功能的鳃前器官，但同时也具有集中小颗粒食物的功能。(Ref. 3012, Ref. 50624) 在繁殖期间，成熟个体在沼泽中制造圆形的巢。(Ref. 13851, Ref. 26281, Ref. 41544) 在数天之后幼鱼离开巢并且由雄鱼保护。(Ref. 26281)
（原文）Maximum observed length in Lake Kainji: 100 cm, observed weight: 10000 g (Ref. 3034, Ref. 3799). Young found in swampy places among aquatic vegetation (Ref. 5156, Ref. 30488); adults live in the open water of rivers and lakes, where they can be found in the pelagic zone as well as the littoral zone (Ref. 5156). Are able to survive in deoxygenated waters; the hardiness of this fish, together with its great growth rate make it a candidate for aquaculture in Africa and it has been transported to a number of countries for this purpose (Ref. 1739, Ref.50623). Escapees from ponds into the wild resulted in established populations, which form the basis for fisheries (Ref. 1739). Are considered as mud-feeders (Ref. 6160), but in West Africa also as phytoplankton feeders (Ref. 3023, Ref. 31256). Feed mostly on plankton, being the only plankton-feeders of the Osteoglossidae (Ref. 13851). It has a suprabranchial organ which has a sensory function, but also a mechanic function in concentrating the little food particles (Ref. 3012, Ref. 50624). During breeding, mature adults create a circular nest in swamps (Ref. 13851, Ref. 26281, Ref. 41544). The young leave the nest after a few days and are guarded by the male (Ref. 26281).
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该鱼在沼泽和洪泛平原的湿季繁殖。(Ref. 28714) 它建造一个直径约1米，深20到60厘米的圆形巢。(Ref. 26281) 巢的边缘是由植物堆叠形成的高壁，约15-20cm厚并在水面上突出；底部是一个干净的粘土或泥土平台。(Ref. 26281) 在产卵后，成鱼通过墙上的洞离开，5天后，幼鱼离开巢，由雄性保护。(Ref. 26281) 同Ref.3074，Ref.10609，Ref.36900。
（原文）Heterotis niloticus breeds in the wet season in swamps and floodplains (Ref. 28714). It builds a circular nest about 1 m in diameter and 20 to 60 cm deep (Ref. 26281). The rim of the nest is a high wall formed out of plant chunks, about 15-20 cm thick and projecting above the water surface; the bottom is a clean platform of clay or mud (Ref. 26281). After the spawning act the fish leave by way of a hole in the wall, through which, 5 days later, the young leave the nest and are guarded by the male (Ref. 26281). Also Ref. 3074, Ref. 10609, Ref. 36900.

【图片来自维基百科】




【图片来自必应】


【图片来自世界鱼库】

今天没有人TvT

TvT

……

骨舌鱼属
Osteoglossum
1. Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (Cuvier, 1829) 【Arawana】 双须骨舌鱼
2. Osteoglossum ferreirai Kanazawa, 1966 【Black arawana】 费氏骨舌鱼

快啊快啊

双须骨舌鱼
Osteoglossum bicirrhosum
【商品名银龙鱼】
【来自世界鱼库，重新翻译】
（分布地区）南美洲：亚马孙河流域，路普努尼河流域和奥亚波克河流域。
（原文）South America: Amazon River basin, Rupununi and Oyapock Rivers.
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身体覆盖着非常大的鳞片；背鳍与臀鳍几乎与尾鳍连结；在下颌的末端有2个触须；成鱼银色，稚鱼有蓝色光芒与一条橘黄色的横带。(Ref. 12225)
（原文）Body covered with very big scales; dorsal and anal fins almost fused with the caudal fin; 2 barbels at the extremity of the lower jaw; adult silvery, juvenile with blue glints and a yellow-orange bar (Ref. 12225).
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是一种杂食动物，有在水面上觅食鱼的倾向。口上位使其在它的猎物下面游泳的同时捕获它们成为可能。也跳出水面捕食大的昆虫。(鞘翅目; Ref. 27548) 能够很好地适应低溶氧量的环境。(Ref. 12225)
（原文）Is an omnivore with a tendency to feed on fish at the surface. The superior position of the mouth allows it to capture its prey while swimming from below. Also jumps out of the water to feed on large insects (Coleoptera; Ref. 27548). It is capable of adapting to environments with low oxygen levels (Ref. 12225).
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雄性在口中携带卵，幼鱼和早期的年轻个体，(Ref. 1672) 持续六个星期。(Ref. 102836)
（原文）The male carries eggs, larvae and early juveniles (alevinos) in his mouth (Ref. 1672), which lasts for nearly six weeks (Ref. 102836).
（下图为幼鱼）



【图片来自世界鱼库】



【图片来自必应】
【来自维基百科】
它通常在水面附近游泳等待潜在的猎物。虽然在它们的胃中的残留物中已经发现鸟类，蝙蝠和蛇，但其主要饮食还是包括甲壳类动物，昆虫，较小的鱼在内的动物和在水面上的其他动物，其吊桥状口专门适于捕食。
（原文）
It usually swims near the water surface waiting for potential prey. Although specimens have been found with the remains of birds, bats,[2] and snakes in their stomachs, its main diet consists of crustaceans, insects, smaller fish, and other animals that float on the water surface, for which its drawbridge-like mouth is exclusively adapted for feeding.

费氏骨舌鱼
Osteoglossum ferreirai
【商品名黑龙鱼】
【来自世界鱼库】
（分布地区）南美洲：尼格罗河（黑人河）流域
（原文）South America: Negro River basin.




【图片来自必应】
【来自百度】
尾鳍短小。体被大的鳞片，鳞片呈粉红色的半圆形状。幼鱼有棕灰色至深棕色背部和黑褐色侧翼，从鳃盖到尾鳍的顶端有宽条纹。头部是银棕色和黑褐色条纹，通过眼睛和第一鳃开口处。鳃区标有一个黑褐色纵条纹后跟双须骨舌鱼类似，腹鳍银色，而其他鳍片棕黑色。肛门和背鳍的橙色有白边。

【完结】

所以老半天没人来

……

楼主流弊

跟鞋子的对比图，按照40码鞋来看看？
@Silence丶Rogue